GILASHI (Glass)

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 SCIENCE IN HAUSA: Episode 5

GILASHI (Glass)

Tagarmu ta zamani dauke take da wani ado daga abubuwa da suke bamu damar hangen waje. Wayar sailula rufe take da wannan abu mai haske. Kai hatta kwalliya idan mukayi a gabansa muke gyarawa saboda yana maido da siffarmu garemu; wannan shine gilashi! A wannan kashin na SCIENCE IN HAUSA zamu tsunduma cikin siffar gilasai da tushensu. 

Gilashi (Turanci; glass) wani nau'in abune da haske yaka iya ratsawa ta cikinsa. Wannan ya ta'allakane da tushen abubuwan da suke samar da gilashin da kuma yanda ake kerashi. Gilashi yana samuwa ne daga sinadarin Silicone wanda yake wanzuwa a doron kasa; hade dashi akwai oxygen. Hadakar wadannan element biyu suke samar da Silicon Dioxide (SiO2).

Silicon Dioxide shine tushen wani nau'in yashi da ake kira QUARTZ. Quartz sune nau'ikan yashin da suke kyalli yayinda rana ta haskasu: a Turanci ana kiransu CRYSTALS. Abun bukata shine a samu kashi 99% ya zamto tattare da silicate, sai kuma kashi 1% na element din Iron (Fe); ana bukatar hakan ne saboda iron (Fe) karfene kuma ba'a bukatar karfe cikin gilashi. 

Yayin da aka samar da wannan yashin ana narkashi a cikin FURNACE da wuta zuwa ga 1500 a ma'aunin Celcius. Wannan yana tarwatsa kwayoyin zarrar (atoms) din silicate din su narke ta yanda zasu barbazu su cike duk wani gurbi; wannan matakin suke zama abinda ake kira "Amorphous Solid". Wannan yana tabbatuwa ne ta hanyar hadakar silicate din da sinadaran soda ash (NaCO3) da kuma limestone (CaCO3). Bayan an narka yashin ya zamto shara-shara sai a shimfideshi a kerashi ga siffar da ake bukata; wannan kimiyyar ana kiranta "glass annealing".

Bayan duk wannan ya gabata sai a dinga sanyaya gilashi a hankali domin samar da inganci. Dalilan dayasa kuwa gilashi yake barin haske ya ratsashi sunada alaka da yanda kwayar zarra (atom) take; a cikinta akwai filaye da yawa wadanda suke baiwa haske marar karfi ratsawa cikin sauki. Wannan a takaice shine yanda ake samar da gilashi. Gilasai sun hada launuka dayawa kamar;

-Soda Glass: Tagogi da kwalabe

-Pyrax Glass: Kwalaben gwaji na dakin kimiyya (laboratory)

-Flint Glass: Tabarau da mahangan nesa, da sauransu.

© Mubarak MS Jigirya

     22/07/2021

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