Gwalalon Mariana (Mariana Trench)

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GWALALON MARIANA (The Mariana Trench)


Mafi yawan mutane sukan tambayi ko wanne yankine mafi zurfi a cikin wannan Duniyar. Cikin wannan kashi na wannan satin zanyi bayani akan Gwalalon Mariana wanda shine rami mafi zurfi a Duniya.


Gwalalon Mariana yankine a cikin Tekun Pacific wanda aka gano tun a shekarar 1875. Gwalalon yanada bangarori har uku wadanda suka hada da Guam, Sirena Deep da kuma Challenger Deep. Gwalalon Mariana ramine a karkashin tekun daya kai zurfin 35,853 ft kuma yakai adadin shekaru miliyan 180 da samuwa.


Wannan rami yana dauke da abubuwan al'ajabi kamar wanzuwar halittun ruwa mafiya ban mamaki da kuwa wadansu yanki na daga ciyayi da kuma duwatsu. Bangaren Challenger Deep shine yanki mafi zurfi a cikin Gwalalon Mariana, sannan ya kasance yana bangaren Kudu na Gwalalon. A cikin wannna Gwalalon akwai nauyi na ma'aunin pressure kimanin adadin giwaye metan yayin da mutan yakai zurfin 400ft. Sannan kuma hasken rana yana daukewa a zurfin 490ft; wannan yana kasantuwa ne saboda rashin hasken rana a matakin wannan zurfin. 


Abun kwantance ga zurfin Gwalalon Mariana shine sanya dutse mafi tsawo a doron kasa a cikinsa; da za'a sanya Dutsen Everest na yankin Himalayas a cikinsa, da sai an samu rarar kimanin 7000ft a cikin ramin wanda ba komai cikinsa. A shekarar 1960, an samu masana kimiyya da sukayi kokarin isa karshensa amma bai yiwu ba saboda nauyin dake cikin yankin na daga ruwa. James Cameron (jarumi/darakta) a masana'antar Hollywood ta kasar Amurka shi kadaine yakai karshensa a shekarar 2012. Bayan hakane aka samu damar tura na'urori wajen samo bayanai. 


Gwalalon Mariana yana dauke da yanayin sanyi (kamar yanda ake tsammani) da kuma zafi. Abun mamaki shine zafin dake cikin ramin wanda yake samuwa daga dutsen wuta mafi zurfi da ake kira West Mata a 3,600ft. Sannan wannan zafin yana fitowa ne sanadin geothermal vents daga konson wannan duniyar; zafin yana iya kaiwa 700°C idan dutsen yayi aman wuta.A gaba ta 3,300ft hasken daya rage na rana yake daukewa sakamakon zurfin da yake yankin; ana kiran yankin da "midnight zone".


HALITTU

Gwlalon Mariana yana dauke da halittu iri daban-daban kamar kwayoyin halittar bacteria, fungi da sauransu kimanin dangi (species) 200. Akwai Orca whales wadanda suke wanzuwa a 200ft tareda sauran kananun kifaye. Tsakanin 792ft da 1,640ft akwai giant oarfish, Japanese spider crab, giant squid da kuma hallita mafi girma a Duniya wato blue whale. 


© Mubarak MS Jigirya


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