TSATSA (RUSTING)

 

SCIENCE IN HAUSA 📚💡: TSATSA (RUSTING)

KASHI NA MUSAMMAN

Abubuwa da dama sukan lalace tsawon lokaci bayan kirkirarsu; walau su rube, ko su dagargaje, ko su kece/yage ko kuma subi iska. Karafa sukan lalace ta hanyar yin wani abu mai suna tsatsa. A wannan karon zamu tattauna ne akan yanda karafa sukan lalace da dalilan yin hakan.

Tsatsa (Turanci: Rusting) wani irin nau'ine na rubewa da yake shafar wadansu daga cikin karafa. Abinda yasa nace wasu shine; duk da tarin karafa da muka sani, ba kowanne bane yakeyin tsatsa. Wannan ya ta'allaka ne da dabi'un kwayoyin zarrar cikin kowanne karfe. (Duba kashi akan "Kwayar Zarra" domin karin bayani). 

Tsatsa tafi shafar bakin karfe wato Iron (Fe) saboda karfin sauyawarsa yayin daya hadu da wasu burbushin sinadarai. Wannan nau'in lalacewa na bakin karfe (Fe) yana faruwa ne yayin da kwayoyin zarrarsa suka hadu dana iskar oxygen (O2) da kuma ruwa (H2O): ana yiwa wannan hadaka lakabi da "redox reaction" wacce a Hausa zamu kirata da karba-karbar kwayoyin zarra. Wannan karba-karba ta kunshi bayar da kuma amsar kwayoyin electrons masu cajin hauni tsakanin bakin karfe da oxygen. Ruwa ya kasance shine magudana (electrolyte) da wadannan electrons din suke wucewa ta cikinsa. 

Bayan an samu hadakar wadannan kwayoyin zarrar daga kowanne bangare dana ambata a sama, sai karfe ya soma tsatsa. Wannan zaisa mai karatu tambayar meyasa zinare (gold), azurfa (silver), da holoko (aluminium) basa tsatsa kamar bakin karfe; toh hakan ya ta'allaka ne da karfin sauyin bakin karfe fiye da wadannan na sama face aluminium. Amma hakan kuma yanada nasaba da darewar saman bakin karfe domin yin hadaka da kwayoyin zarrar oxygen da ruwa, sabanin sauran da suke tattaruwa su toshe duk wata kafa saboda gudun tsatsar. Wannan yasa zinare, azurfa da holoko basa tsatsa saboda basuda karfin sauyin da bakin karfe yake dashi.

Yayin da gamayyar wadannan kwayoyin zarrar suka hadu sai su fara rubar da saman bakin karfen har su shiga cikinsa. Wannan nee dalilin dayasa tsawon lokaci yake iya karyewa domin tsarin kwayoyin zarrar (lattice structure) dinsa ya wargaje. A kasa ga misalin abinda yake faruwa a kimiyyance:


4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 -----> 4Fe (OH)3


Fe- Bakin Karfe (Iron)

OH- Hydroxide: Sinadarin Sauyi (Radical)

H2O- Ruwa (Water)

O2- Iska Numfashi (Oxygen)

A takaice, gamayyar wadannan dana ambata a sama sune suke samar da tsatsa wacce akewa lakabi da "Hydrated Ferric Oxide" da hatimi kamar haka Fe2O3.H20 ko "Iron Hydroxide" da hatimi kamar haka 4Fe(OH)3.

Hanyoyin da za'a iya magance tsatsa sun kasu kamar haka;

1- Shafar Mai (Oil Paint): Wannan shine mafi sauki wajen magance tsatsa ta hanyar shafe saman bakin karfen da shafa ta mai (oil paint). Wannan zai hana ruwa zama akansa ya kuma kore iskar oxygen ta yanda ba za'a samu magudana (electrolytes) tsakaninsu ba.

2- Kitsen Bakin Mai (Grease): Shima wannan nau'in yana dakatar da tsatsa musamman idan aka shafe jikin bakin karfen dashi ta yanda zai hana ruwa zama da kuma shafar iskar oxygen a jikinsa.

3- Hadakar Karafa (Galvanization): Wannan nau'in yanada matukar tsada saboda kimiyyar cikinsa. Hadakar karafa ana yinta ne tsakanin bakin karfe da karafa kamar karfen rufi (Zinc): hikimar hakan ta ta'allaka ne da rashin karfin sauyi na zinc din. Yayin da aka shafe saman bakin karfe da zinc, idan zinc din ya hadu da iskar oxygen da ruwa sai yayi tsatsa madaidaiciya sannan kuma idan yayi tsatsar sai daye yabi iska. Wannan dabarar ake yiwa jiragen ruwa ta gefensu da kasansu domin dakatar da tsatsar bakin karfen da akayisu dashi.

Godiya mai tarin yawa ga iyayen wannan shafin kamarsu Mallam Al-Amin Ahmad Hamza (As-Sudani), Engineer S. Muhammad Jigirya, Dr. Jekada Julius da mahaifiyata Fatima MS Jigirya (nee Muhammad Inuwa). Godiya marar adadi ga magoya bayan wannan shafin da makarantan shafin.

Na gode.

©Mubarak MS Jigirya

   14/12/2021

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