TAKI (Fertilizer)

 

TAKI (Fertilizer)

Tsirrai, shukoki da fure sukan samu nakasu yayin da suka gaza samun wadatattun abubuwan da zasu sanya su girma da lafiya. Taki (Turanci: Fertilizer) wani nau'in sinadari ne da yake sanya shuka girma da karko cikin kankanin lokaci; hakan, tareda karawa shukar kyau da lafiya.

Sinadarai na taki sune suke taka muhimmiyar rawa a harkar nomar shuke-shuke. Taki ya kasu kashi biyu ta fannin abubuwan da suke cikinsa da kuma tasirinsa a jikin shuka. Wadannan takin sune;

1- Takin gida (Organic): Wannan takin shine wanda ake samu daga kashin dabbobi dana mutane. Galibi takin gida ya kunshi sinadarin carbon ne mai tarin yawa da kuma wadansu burbushi na wasu sinadaran.

Akwai kuma dunkulen taki (composite) wanda yake samuwa daga matattun dabbobi, itatuwa da kuma sauran sinadaran da suke cikin kasa. Wannan launin taki yakan dauki tarin shekaru kafin ya samu: yakan samune idan matsi da zafi suka matse wadannan abubuwan dana lissafo a sama. Sukan dunkule bayan dogon lokaci, sannan su samar da takin (kamar dai yanda danyen mai yake samuwa).

2- Takin zamani (Inorganic): Saboda yawaitar bukatar taki a wannan zamanin ya sanya malaman kimiyya irinsu Haber suka kirkiro takin zamani domin cimma bukatar manoma. Takin zamani ya kunshi  burbushin sinadaran Nitrogen, Phosphorus da kuma Potassium wato NPK. Wadannan sinadaran kowanne da irin gudunmawar da yake baiwa shuke-shuke a bisa irin yanayin shukar.

A bangaren shuke-shuke, akwai wadansu abubuwan daya kamata manomi ya lura dasu; wadannan abubuwan sun hada da irin launin sinadaran da ake bukata kamar haka:

- Manyan sinadarai (Macronutrients): Wadannan sinadarai ana bukatarsu ne da tarin yawa domin samawa shuka girma, karko da yalwar ganye. Sinadaran sune:

a- Nitrogen: amfanin wannan burbushi shine assasa gina tubalin amino acids a jikin shuka da kuma samar da sinadarai na gina jiki.

b- Phosphorus: shi kuma aikinsa shine samar da kwayoyin halittu masu lafiya da karko a cikin shuka.

c- Potassium: aikin wannan burbushi shine samar da sinadaran kuzari kamar sukari da kuma kare shukar daga cututtuka.

Ana iya samun sauran burbushi kamar na calcium, sulphur da kuma magnesium.

- Kananun sinadarai ( Micronutrients): Wadannan sinadarai kuma bukatarsu kadan ce ga manomi da kuma abinda ya shuka. Su wadannan sinadarai sun kunshi iron, zinc, boron, molybdenum, manganese, copper da kuma chlorine. Rashinsu bashida wata illa a jikin shuka, amma kuma ba'a bukatar sufi manyan sinadarai yawa.

Rabe-raben Taki A Bisa Tsarin Aiki

1- Hannu daya (Straight): Wannan taki shine mai dauke da nitrogen kadai a siffar urea: shine mai kamshin zarnin fitsari. Wannan taki yana zuwa ne a narke kamar ruwa, kuma fesashi akeyi.

2- Gauraye (Mixed): Wannan taki kuma shine mai dauke da nitrogen, phosphorus da kuma potassium a dunkule. Mafi akasari yakan zo ne a bushe ba a narke ba sabanin wanda na ambata a sama.

Abu mafi muhimmanci a wajen siyan taki shine bambance irin bukatar da manomi yake da ita; musamman akan irin launin shukarsa. Dukkan sinadaran dana ambato suna taka muhimmiyar rawa ta fannoni ne mabambanta, shiyasa akeso manomi ya gane abinda yafi bukata kafin ya sanya takin. A lura, jikin kowanne buhun taki akwai lambobi masu danganta ta girma (ratio), misali 4:2:7.

Wadannan lambobi sune suke nuna adadin kowanne sinadari a cikin takin. Misali: 4 ta nitrogen ce, 2 ta phosphorus sannan 7 ta potassium. Gamayyar wadannan lambobi sune zasu samar da daukacin adadin sindaran a kowanne kilogram guda na takin.

Amfanin sanin yawan kowanne sinadari ya danganta da bukatar shuka ne a yayin data fara tsiro ko kafin ta fara. Hasalima, kafin ayi shukar akan sanya man glycerol domin sanya kasar tayi taushi sannan ayi kautu ko huda. Sannan taki mai yawan nitrogen yana karawa ganye haske saboda yana karawa chlorophyll kuzari. Phosphorus yana karawa tushe karfi da kuma jikin shukar baki dayawa. Amfanin potassium kuma fitar da fure da kai, sannan kuma da saurin fitar da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Akwai bukatuwar a wayar da kan manoma akan takin zamani domin samar da yalwar kayan gona ta fuskar amfani da kimiyya da fasaha. Kada a manta da ajiye kwament domin bada shawarwari da kuma gudunmawa.

Na gode.

©Mubarak MS Jigirya

   28 Mayu, 2022.