CUTAR DAJIN ƘASHI (Leukaemia)

Cutar daji (Turanci: Cancer) wani nau'in ciwone da yake samuwa daga kwayoyin halittu (cells) na jikin dan Adam; wala'alla saboda nakasa da suka samu ko kuma gurbacewa daga sinadarai masu guba. Wannan cuta ta kasu izuwa kashi akalla guda dari daya: daga kan cutar daji ta kwakwalwa, hanta, mama (nono), makogaro, da sauransu.

Leukaemia tana daya daga cikin nau'o'in cutar daji wadda tafi kama yara 'yan kasa da shekara goma sha biyar. Wannan cutar daji ana mata lakabi da "cancer of the bone"; wato cutar dajin ƙashi saboda ta samo asaline daga cikin ƙashin mutane da kuma ɓargon jikinsu. 

Cutar dajin ƙashi tana farawa ne a yayin da aka samu tangarɗa wajen samar da kwayoyin halittu. Wadannan kwayoyin halittu suna farawa ne a matsayin jirajirai (stem cells) a cikin ɓargon ƙashin kafin su girma su samawa kansu gurbi a cikin tsokoki da dama kamar hanta, zuciya da ƙoda. Wadannan kwayoyin halittu da suke samuwa daga cikin ɓargon ƙashi sun hada da:

- Jajayen kwayoyin halittu (red blood cells): Wadannan kwayoyin halittu sune da alhakin samawa ƙasusuwa iskar numfashi (oxygen) da kuma wadatar da gangar jiki da ita.

- Fararen kwayoyin halittu (white blood cells): Amfanin wadannan shine kare gangar jiki daga dukkan wani hari na cututtuka daga waje ta hanyar koresu tun kafin su kafu. Sune suke karfafa garkuwar jiki.

- Maɗinkan ciwo (macrophages da fibroblasts): Wadannan kwayoyin halittu su kuma sune kwararru wajen dinke ciwo da kuma gyara duk inda ya samu matsala a ciki da wajen gangar jiki.

To bayan munsan wadannan, sai kuma sanin masomar cutar dajin ƙashi. Wannan yana faruwa ne yayinda wadansu daga cikin wadannan jirajiran kwayoyin halittu (stem cells) suka samu matsala. A tsari na halittar kwayoyin halittu, idan suka samu matsala sukan gyara kansu ne ko kuma su mutu. Idan ya zamana kwayar halitta bata mutu ko gyaru ba bayan samun matsala, saita hayayyafa ta samar da irinta gurbattatu masu tarin yawa.

Idan hakan ta afku, shine ake samun yawaitar wadannan gurbattatun kwayoyin halittu cikin ɓargon ƙashi. Yayin da suka cigaba da yawaita, sukan toshe kafar samuwar sabbin jirajiran kwayoyin halittu masu ayyukan dana ambata a sama. Bayan tsawon lokacin, gurbattatun kwayoyin halittun nan suna fitowa waje su zamo gyambo (tumour) wanda yake rage yawaitar shigar iska da kuma rage karfin garkuwar jiki.

Wannan itace masomar cutar dajin ƙashi kuma bawai cutar kadai ke addabar mutum ba; a'ah, wato saboda karancin fararen kwayoyin halittu, Jajayen kwayoyin halittu da kuma kwayoyin halittu maɗinka, jikin mutum yakan kamu da wasu cututtuka cikin sauki. Hakan ya hada da rashin samun iskar numfashi cikin sauki wanda yake kawo rashin kwarin ƙasusuwa, sannan ga ƙan-jiki saboda rashin warkewa idan anji ciwo.

Cutar dajin ƙashi takan iya daukar salo biyu wajen bayyana kanta, musamman a jikin yara 'yan kasa da shekara goma sha biyar. Wadannan salon bayyana kai shine akewa lakabi da "incubation period."

1- Gajeran zango (acute): wannan salon bayyana kai baya daukar lokaci. Cutar dajin kan iya nuna kanta cikin watanni uku ko kasa da hakan.

2- Dogon zango (chronic): wannan salon yakan dauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin ta bayyana kanta. Akalla watanni ko shekara.

MAGANI

Cutar dajin ƙashi tanada wuyar sha'ani kamar sauran cutukan daji. Amma wata matsala babba da ita shine rashin iya cireta a matsayin gyambo domin a narke gurbattatun kwayoyin halittun suke. 

Akanyi amfani da matakin magance ta da chemotherapy: wani nau'in magani mai tsada saboda tsarin magungunan da ake hadawa wuri guda. Akanyi amfani kuma da salon haske mai zafi (radiation) wajen ƙone gurbattatun kwayoyin halittun kafin su taba wasu wuraren a jikin mutum.

Sai dai kuma illar chemotherapy yana iya kashe dukkan kwayoyin halittu a jikin mutum; musamman na gashi da farce. Shiyasa zakuga masu cutar daji basuda gashin kai saboda zafin chemotherapy ɗinnan.

Sai dai a yanzu, ilmin kimiyya ya samar da cigaba ta yanda za'a iya sauya ɓargon ƙashin mutum dana wani. Babban kalubalensa shine; ba'a samun ɓargon daya dace dana mara lafiyar cikin sauki koda kuwa iyayene ko 'yan uwa na kusa.

Wannan shine bayani akan cutar dajin ƙashi (leukaemia). Inshaa Allah, zan cigaba da kawo maku kayatattaun bayanai akan ilmin kimiyya da fasaha cikin harshen Hausa. Kada a manta da taimakawa wajen faɗaɗa wannan aikin da kuma Bada shawarwarinku masu albarka.

Na gode.

© Mubarak MS Jigirya